So, for my doubters, what excuse will you come up with now?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137665)

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

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^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

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^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

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^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

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^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#37070607)

http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856924&forum_id=2#35137593

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137702)

you gonna really bitch out like this, homie? man the fuck up and post ITT

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137753)

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

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^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

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^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

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^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

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^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

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^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

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^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#37070590)

"Date: December 14th, 2017 10:58 AM

Author: CHRISTVS SANCTVS DEVS VVLT (LaMarcus)

nope. NOT a citizen.

Doubt he has his national registry number starting w/ YYMMDD + 6 digits starting w 1"

http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3828427&forum_id=2#34917216

:)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137676)

Author: Shia LaBOOF(LaMarcus)

I do admit NYUUG is a citizen, but our encounter (literallly msging him on an instant messenger app that is native to Korea) made me question my poasting on XO completely and thats why I stopped poasting.

Glad to see you're doing well nyuug

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=#)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#37070552)

EditWatch this pageRead in another language

Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

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^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

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^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

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^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#37070610)

Author: Clean cut bros culling NIGGER RAPE APES

hmm, doesn't look like a passport, odd case

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137688)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35241661)

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#37070608)

Author: .,.,,.,.,.,:

that proves nothing, kill yourself chaebong hyung

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137690)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35241660)

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

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^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

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^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

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^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

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^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

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Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#37070613)

the original NYUUG didn't mind posting pics with his face in them on the bort. and he didn't look like the dude in that ID

EDIT: he took down the pic. here it is:

https://imgur.com/a/tH2YV

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137745)

charlie, come on boy. where you at

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137747)

Author: open bob pls and show vagene

when are you going to give back your friend's ID?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137750)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35241662)

btw charlie, here is what foreigners get:

https://conleysoverseas.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/src_arc.jpg

they get an alien registration card (ARC)

btw, the second set of numbers on my ID starts with a "1" which is the number korean male citizens get

sup charlie?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137773)

but you never answered the Q: what happens if you go to apply for a passport? that was the Q in that abortion of a thread that you evaded and dodged for a couple of hours

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137787)

Author: ta(@realcharliebrown)

LOL ok I’ll believe you, although I shouldn’t

but you never answered the Q: what happens if you go to apply for a passport? that was the Q in that abortion of a thread that you evaded and dodged for a couple of hours

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=#)

come on charlie. you know im xoxo's straightest shooter. amazing that theres still people ITT who are trying to explain away the proof pic exactly as i predicted

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137798)

so: (1) what happens when you apply for a passport; and (2) why are you still evading the Q?

edit (3) and why the absurd kabuki theater of some off board email chat being the supposed proof?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137807)

as for the passport, there are certain things in motion that will make for an epic WGWAG pwnage. thats all i can say

charlie. you know the truth. get ready for another big korean cock pwnage very soon :)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137838)

fuck. this thread is one of my finest pwnages. one of many to come in the new year :)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137872)

the impostor likely borrowed this ID from some korean friend or rentboy or something

https://imgur.com/a/tH2YV

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137811)

of course, there will always be insane people here but i just wanted to quell the rumors of my korean citizenship, thats all

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137816)

"...,,, ...,,, ...,,, ...,,, ...,,, ..."

your psycho stalker cumskin brethren are why i dont leave up pics, lil homie :)

also, notice how its always these insane stalker psychos who try to get me to reveal outable information

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137818)

honestly i feel bad for the original nyuug. he was a gook, sure, but he was a good and chill dude.

wonder how you got his password. honestly the password for my previous alt was something super-obvious and some geek hacked into it and i had to tell rach to disable it

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137824)

ak47? paulie? which one is this one hahahahaha

you = bigkoreancockpwn3d. LOVE IT

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3856948&forum_id=2#35137827)