Date: April 18th, 2026 2:53 AM
Author: Rose church
this paper from 1990 (right before the USSR imploded) says that soviet lawyers in private practice felt constrained by the bureaucracy and feared being investigated or disbarred if they took too many controversial stances:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1990.tb00378.x
apparently most soviet lawyers worked in the bureaucracy, and private practice was around a quarter of the legal field. legal education was a 5-year course after the soviet equivalent of high school, followed by a 2-year internship thing at a firm or state bureau.
they also had a GULC-style night school program for older workers to retrain as lawyers which took six years.
(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=2356853&forum_id=2...id.#49824559)