Date: December 11th, 2022 5:26 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
Wife and I own some out of state rental properties. A tenant did $11k in damage (which is impressive in a way since the unit is only worth $100k…) and agreed to make payments of $250 per month on it, at 5% interest. We got her to sign and notarize a Cognovit Promissory Note acknowledging the debt and (as I understand it… not a lolyer!) understood that to negate the need to go to court later.
Fast forward more than a year, she’s paid less than $500 total, not even covering the interest for the year. We’ve gotten zero from her for 3 months. She has moved out of state but we know where she lives and where she is employed. (She has an ok, steady job—she could pay, she’s just a deadbeat.)
Advice on collecting this? I assume the next step is garnishing wages.
Neither the state the house is in or the state the debtor moved to is the one we live in. I assume the next step is calling a shitlawyer in the state she moved to (Missouri, if it matters) but what should we be looking for that person to do for us?
Date: December 11th, 2022 5:40 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
This tenant was personally awful and called us racists (like we would’ve been ok that her kids broke several bedroom doors in half and punched fist-sized holes in the wall, and a dozen other ridiculous things, if she was white??) several times so we don’t mind going to some extra effort here.
You can't use a cognovit (confession of judgment) note by itself as a tool to enforce a judgment or garnish someone's wages. You still have to appear (your lawyer will appear for you) in court to get an enforceable judgment. What cognovit does in its pure form is allow you to get a judgment without notifying the debtor or having a trial or hearing. Once you get the judgment you obviously still have to find a way to execute it. Clearly cognovit notes are subject to abuse, so many states don't allow them or restrict them to commercial transactions. In some cases they even have technical requirements such as requiring big print or warning language. I don't know what Missouri law is, though my vague recollection is that it recognizes cognovits, but may have some specific requirements which your note may or may not meet. I suggest you contact a Missouri lawyer in the area where the debtor lives. You will want to find someone skilled in business/commercial law, since you don't often find these used in consumer transactions. Suggest you try a sole practitioner or a small firm. Nothing wrong with going to a big firm, but under these circumstances I would suppose you are likely to get better service from a small outfit. I would suggest Googling around and finding a likely looking lawyer and call him or her.
Date: December 11th, 2022 11:32 PM Author: self-centered university liquid oxygen
I think we need to analyze the choice of law problem here before recommending action in Missouri. Based on OP, there are potentially three states in play. It might be easier to go to Missouri with a foreign judgment.
Does the Note have a choice of law or forum selection clause?
But don’t you want to know first how MO deals with cognovits? They might piss on a foreign judgment. These things have fallen out of favor in consumer debt, but no idea about MO.
Date: December 12th, 2022 2:37 AM Author: self-centered university liquid oxygen
Missouri has adopted uniform enforcement of foreign judgments. See Section 511.760.1, RSMo.
The Note is least likely to be governed by Missouri law based on OP. As another poaster suggested below, OP probably could get judgment in his home state, then register the foreign judgment in Missouri, then follow Missouri procedure for garnishment.
Date: December 12th, 2022 10:32 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
I could get judgment where I live (3rd state, neither Ohio nor Missouri) then transfer to Missouri? Or better just to do it in Missouri?
For reference here’s what the note says after laying out what’s owed and payment terms:
EDIT: circumstances are just described as “for value received”, maybe that’s not enough?
And then….
“If any payment hereunder is not made pursuant to the above, the Maker authorizes any attorney at law to appear in any Court of record in the United States or any state or territory thereof in which judgment may be obtained and waive the issuance and service of process and confess judgment against the undersigned in favor of any holder hereof for the amount then due hereunder, together with all costs, reasonable attorney fees, and accrued interest thereupon releasing all heirs and waiving all rights of appeal and stay of execution. The Makers hereby waives presentment for payment, protest, and notice of presentment.
**WARNING** BY SIGNING THIS PAPER, YOU (MAKER) GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO NOTICE AND COURT TRIAL. IF YOU (MAKER) DO NOT PAY ON TIME, A COURT JUDGMENT MAY BE TAKEN AGAINST YOU (MAKER) WITHOUT YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND THE POWERS OF THE COURT CAN BE USED TO COLLECT FROM YOU (MAKER) REGARDLESS OF ANY CLAIMS YOU MAY (MAKER) HAVE AGAINST THE CREDITOR WHETHER FOR RETURN GOODS, FAULTY GOODS, FAILURE ON HIS PART TO COMPLY WITH THE AGREEMENT, OR ANY OTHER CAUSE OR DEFENSE.”
That last bit is bolded and also at the top of the note.
Date: December 11th, 2022 11:36 PM Author: Razzle-dazzle gay church water buffalo
Get a judgment on the note in your state. Then domesticate that judgment in the debtor's state. Get a fi. fa. and show up with a sheriff and take their furniture and lightbulbs for courthouse auction.
Date: December 12th, 2022 10:27 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
The two options the lawyer in the first state (Ohio), who drafted the note, suggested were basically get a judgment in Ohio and then transfer to Missouri, or refer us to a lawyer in Missouri and seek a judgment there.
It wasn’t clear which was better, or more likely to result in a recovery, to me at least.
Date: December 13th, 2022 12:08 AM Author: self-centered university liquid oxygen
Going straight to Missouri would be cheaper, but you run the risk of a podunk Missouri judge deciding to apply Missouri law instead of Ohio law in a possible choice of law argument. Does your instrument comply with MO ST 511.080 et seq.?
Having the drafting attorney obtain judgment in Ohio will guarantee you a judgment, which you will then have to register in Missouri, likely with the aid of Missouri counsel (who can then assist with garnishment).
Date: December 13th, 2022 8:34 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
RE complying I’m not sure, does the text below shed a clue? (This is basically the whole document other than names, addresses, amounts/payment terms, and notarization.)
EDIT: circumstances are just described as “for value received”, maybe that’s not enough?
And then….
“If any payment hereunder is not made pursuant to the above, the Maker authorizes any attorney at law to appear in any Court of record in the United States or any state or territory thereof in which judgment may be obtained and waive the issuance and service of process and confess judgment against the undersigned in favor of any holder hereof for the amount then due hereunder, together with all costs, reasonable attorney fees, and accrued interest thereupon releasing all heirs and waiving all rights of appeal and stay of execution. The Makers hereby waives presentment for payment, protest, and notice of presentment.
**WARNING** BY SIGNING THIS PAPER, YOU (MAKER) GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO NOTICE AND COURT TRIAL. IF YOU (MAKER) DO NOT PAY ON TIME, A COURT JUDGMENT MAY BE TAKEN AGAINST YOU (MAKER) WITHOUT YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND THE POWERS OF THE COURT CAN BE USED TO COLLECT FROM YOU (MAKER) REGARDLESS OF ANY CLAIMS YOU MAY (MAKER) HAVE AGAINST THE CREDITOR WHETHER FOR RETURN GOODS, FAULTY GOODS, FAILURE ON HIS PART TO COMPLY WITH THE AGREEMENT, OR ANY OTHER CAUSE OR DEFENSE.”
That last bit is bolded and also at the top of the note.
Date: December 14th, 2022 3:17 AM Author: self-centered university liquid oxygen
Getting an Ohio judgment first is the safer route, but unless you're planning on doing the garnishment yourself, you'll need a Missouri shitlawyer/collections attorney. You might as well find the Missouri collections attorney now and see whether they would roll the dice on bringing the confession action in Missouri.
OldHLSDude had some good suggestions above re finding a Missouri attorney.
Date: February 27th, 2023 6:49 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
UPDATE: We have retained a Missouri shitlawyer who is skilled in collections. He’s taking the case on 25% contingency and thinks he can get the note recognized without an Ohio judgment. Seems like his whole practice is collections.
Are we getting screwed? If we get 75% of our money back I’ll be pretty damn pleased tbh, even if we could’ve got a bit more for an hourly rate.
Date: February 27th, 2023 10:33 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
No idea. Collections seems to be his whole practice so I assume he’s worked out the numbers. I mean once the money is coming in, it’s not more work after that right? My guess is he does a lot of these and it’s just a continuous income stream that gets slightly larger with each one.
Date: March 5th, 2023 11:26 PM Author: self-centered university liquid oxygen
This is probably the best-case scenario. Presumably the shitlawyer thinks the original instrument complies with Missouri law for confession of judgment (or the shitlawyer knows which judge/venue wont care).
Date: March 11th, 2023 2:55 AM Author: hairless office generalized bond
Court date set, a couple of months out. Lawyer says we won’t know until then whether the debtor has actually been served? Seems odd. I thought the idea was to make repeated attempts to be sure she gets served before the court date.
Date: March 13th, 2023 2:15 AM Author: self-centered university liquid oxygen
Ah, the vagaries of practice in Missouri.
Service of the complaint on the debtor shouldn't matter for confession (the need for service would defeat its purpose, as does setting a court date out several months). The court should enter the confessed judgment then mail a copy of the judgment to the debtor (MO 511.070 appears consistent with normal confession practice).
I wonder if he filed it as breach of contract or something else (perhaps because the instrument didn't comply with Missouri's confession requirements, as noted).
Date: June 4th, 2023 4:59 PM Author: hairless office generalized bond
UPDATE: deadbeat ex-tenant appeared in court and signed a consent judgment (after first claiming the debt wasn’t valid—lawyer didn’t share the details of how that got dispelled but I bet it was lulzy). She agreed to pay $300/month against the debt for 6 months, after which the full remaining amount becomes due. Interest accruing in the meantime at 5%, not great but what we had written into the cognovit note (back when a typical rate was zero).
I think it’s very unlikely she will make more than the first payment on this, and no chance at all that she’ll be able to pay off the full amount at the end of the year, since it will still be more than $10k, but I guess this is the first step towards eventually garnishing? At the very least, should be an ironclad acknowledgment from Missouri’s perspective that the debt is valid.